The article presents design as a cognitive practice, in which knowledge is generated by action, observation, and interpretation of users’ and designers’ experiences. Its starting point is the assumption that design methods are not neutral tools facilitating the creative process, but they determine the framework of cognition, affecting what a designer is able to notice, name, and think as important. From this perspective, design research becomes a manner of knowledge generation, which combines analysis, practice, and creativity.
The article aims to demonstrate how different research methods applied in design reveal another dimensions of design reality. The analysis is based on three case studies from the academic environment: mobile ethnography used for user experience study in museum space, cultural survey for exploration of the emotional dimension of conflict, and the letter from the future – a narrative design method. Each of the methods allows to capture a different type of knowledge – from observing experiences in spatial context, through embodied and narrative descriptions of emotions, to the reflection on the possible future scenarios.
The article also refers to Liz Sanders’ design research map, which visualises the shift from research-led approach, based on analysis and control, to design-led methods, and the change of the designer’s role – from an expert interpreting the users’ behaviour to a supervisor of the knowledge co-generative process and its mediator. The presented examples show that the selection of design methods is both epistemological and ethical, as it affects which experiences, perspectives, and forms of knowledge are revealed in the design process.
Keywords: design research, design methods, art-based research, design epistemology